Criminology: The Basics

This text presents the fundamentals of criminal investigation and provides a sound method for reconstructing a past event (i.e., a crime) based on three major sources of information - people, physical evidence and records. More than a simplistic introductory text, yet written in an easy-to-read, user-friendly format, it offers a broad approach to criminal investigation.

• Dozens of photographs, graphics, table, charts and diagrams supplement the text.
• A glossary elaborates on terms found in the text, gathered into one handy reference.

In the year 1000, the economy of the Middle East was at least as advanced as that of Europe. But by 1800, the region had fallen dramatically behind--in living standards, technology, and economic institutions. In short, the Middle East had failed to modernize economically as the West surged ahead. What caused this long divergence? And why does the Middle East remain drastically underdeveloped compared to the West? In The Long Divergence, one of the world's leading experts on Islamic economic institutions and the economy of the Middle East provides a new answer to these long-debated questions.

Timur Kuran argues that what slowed the economic development of the Middle East was not colonialism or geography, still less Muslim attitudes or some incompatibility between Islam and capitalism. Rather, starting around the tenth century, Islamic legal institutions, which had benefitted the Middle Eastern economy in the early centuries of Islam, began to act as a drag on development by slowing or blocking the emergence of central features of modern economic life--including private capital accumulation, corporations, large-scale production, and impersonal exchange. By the nineteenth century, modern economic institutions began to be transplanted to the Middle East, but its economy has not caught up. And there is no quick fix today. Low trust, rampant corruption, and weak civil societies--all characteristic of the region's economies today and all legacies of its economic history--will take generations to overcome.

The Long Divergence opens up a frank and honest debate on a crucial issue that even some of the most ardent secularists in the Muslim world have hesitated to discuss.

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CompTIA® A+ 220-801 and 220-802 Authorized Exam Cram, Sixth Edition is the perfect study guide to help you pass CompTIA’s A+ 220-801 and 220-802 exam. It provides coverage and practice questions for every exam topic, including substantial new coverage of Windows 7, new PC hardware, tablets, smartphones, and professional-level networking and security. The book presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Exam Alerts, Sidebars, and Notes interspersed throughout the text keep you focused on what you need to know. Cram Quizzes help you assess your knowledge, and the Cram Sheet tear card is the perfect last minute review.

Covers the critical information you’ll need to know to score higher on your CompTIA A+ 220-801 and 220-802 exams!

• Deploy and administer desktops and notebooks running Windows 7, Vista, or XP
• Understand, install, and troubleshoot motherboards, processors, and memory
• Test and troubleshoot power-related problems
• Use all forms of storage, including new Blu-ray and Solid State (SSD) devices
• Work effectively with mobile devices, including tablets and smartphones
• Install, configure, and troubleshoot both visible and internal laptop components
• Configure Windows components and applications, use Windows administrative tools, and optimize Windows systems
• Repair damaged Windows environments and boot errors
• Work with audio and video subsystems, I/O devices, and the newest peripherals
• Install and manage both local and network printers
• Configure IPv4 and understand TCP/IP protocols and IPv6 changes
• Install and configure SOHO wired/wireless networks and troubleshoot connectivity
• Implement secure authentication, prevent malware attacks, and protect data